When the technique was tested on Viking imagery, the results suggested certain features were strongly non-fractal, and thus by implication, non-natural. they stand out by having a different mathematical signature from the background terrain). Fractal analysis highlights any possibly artificial objects due to their non-fractal nature (i.e. New interpretative tools like fractal analysis, used to determine the probabilities of non-natural features occurring in a landscape, have also been brought to bear. Similar techniques – shape-from-shading (computerized 3-D image generation from shadow depth) and stereoscopic imaging (generated by overlaying two images of the same area taken from slightly different perspectives) – have also been applied to Cydonia. This kind of research is the province of planetary geologists and geomorphologists. The heights of volcanoes and depths of canyons can also be shown in startling detail in computer flyby simulations. The width of ancient valleys can be gauged from 3- dimensional maps (generated from originally 2-D images) and the volume of flood waters which once occupied them estimated. Ejecta blankets, comprised of material thrown out by meteorite impacts – and with icy flows surrounding their craters – hint at locations with ice or permafrost beneath. Photographic interpretation plays a key role in generating hypotheses concerning Mars’s past evolutionary history. Water and oxygen may have existed in the area abundantly over one billion years ago. Certainly if the Cydonia remains are artificial, proximity to water would be expected. There has been speculation that the features at Cydonia lie on the edge of this ancient northern sea. An ocean may have occupied most of the northern hemisphere. Eroded river channels, evidence of glaciation and perhaps even ancient lake and sea beds have all been seen in Viking images. There is ample evidence that the Martian climate was in the past more benign than today. Scientists continue to analyse these pictures, inferring details of geological, climatological and – most controversially – biological evolution from them. Most of the planet has now been mapped to a resolution of 100m, and, in some places, 10m. Whilst soil chemistry tests were ambiguous, more than 50,000 digital images of Martian geomorphology were returned from orbit. Twin orbiters and landers investigated the geology, chemistry, meteorology and possible biology of the Red planet. Mankind’s last wholly successful voyage to Mars was NASA’s robotic Viking mission in 1976. Research conducted by a small group of scientists in America since 1979 has suggested a most exciting possibility – the remains of artificially designed structures. But at latitude 41 degrees North, longitude 9 West lie a collection of features which some observers believe are anything but natural. What is so unique about Cydonia? Geologically it is a mixture of fractured, desert plains containing numerous mesas (flat-topped eroded prominences) with varied craters typical of natural landforms throughout the solar system. Daniel Woolman” Ph.D, in an epic-length post on the “In Search Of” mailing list. He said the participants need to be like Damon's character Watney: "Super competent, resourceful and not relying on other people to feel comfortable.What’s So Unique About Cydonia? (The Face on Mars)īy “R. There could be "incredible freedom" in a "year away from the demands of your normal life." Attitude is key, said Hadfield, who has a novel "The Apollo Murders" coming out in the fall. "If they have a musical instrument there, you could go into there knowing nothing and come out a concert musician, if you want." "Just think how much you're going to be able to catch up on Netflix," he said. "For the right person this could be great," said Hadfield, who spent five months in orbit in 2013 at the International Space Station, where he played guitar and sang a cover video of David Bowie's "Space Oddity." Past Russian efforts at a pretend Mars mission called Mars 500 didn't end well partly because the people were too much like everyday people, he said. And, he said, that's a good thing because it is a better experiment if the participants are more similar to the people who will really go to Mars. That shows NASA is looking for people who are close to astronauts, said former Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield. Applicants have to be between 30 and 55, in good physical health with no dietary issues and not prone to motion sickness. Only United States citizens or permanent U.S.
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